研究計畫分類

NIH的根本任務就是合理使用納稅人的錢支持生物醫學研究，因此，NIH需要根據其資助策略制定合理的基金分配及預算方案。其中約82％ 的預算用于NIH 的院外研究項日(extramural research program)，系通過基金或協議的方式資助美國國內外2000余個研究機構；10％ 的預算用于NIH的院內研究項目(intramural research program)，資助NIH內部直屬實驗室的2 000余項研究項目；另有約8％ 左右的預算作為院內院外研究項目的共同基金。NIH的院內研究項H歸院內研究處管轄，負責所有與院內研究、培訓、技術轉讓有關的政策法規、審核、立項、實施管理及實驗室、臨床醫院之間的協調等。

NIH的院外研究項日由院外研究處管理，負責NIH基金政策的制定、實施等。對NIH以外的研究機構主要有三種資助方式：基金(grants)、合作協議(cooperative agreements),和約(contracts)。基金是最主要的資助方式， 支持各種與人類健康相關的研究項日和培訓計劃，一般由申請者個人提出研究日標，經評審通過后獲得基金支持， 資助年限l～5年， 資助機構不參與項目的研究過程；合作協議則事先由資助機構對研究計劃提出相應規定并發布特別申請須知ra specific request for applications，RFA)，有時為了激發科學家對某些特殊領域的興趣，還會發布項日聲明(a program announcement，PA)；研究與

開發(research and development，R＆D)合同則是資助學術機構、非盈利性或商業性機構就NIH感興趣的特殊領域進行研究和開發，例如，抗乳腺癌和卵巢

癌的化療藥物Taxol(泰素)的研發就是NIH簽署的眾多協議之一 。

NIH的研究基金(the NIH research grant budget)分四種：研究項目基金(research project grants，RPGs)、研究中心基金(research center grants)、小業創新研究一小企業技術轉讓基金(small business innovative research—small business technology transfer grants．SBIR—SBTTG)及其他研究基金(other research grants)。

研究項目基金

重點資助科學家的個人申請項目，從分子、細胞生物學研究到新藥研發均在其資助范圍之內。包括RC1、R01、R03、R15、R21(CAN423702及423825除外)、R22、R23、R29、R33、R35、R37、R55、P01、P42、UC1、U19及自1980財政年度至今的MGMSP4l基金； 自1993財政年度至今的UO1基金。不包括NLM 基金、1990財政年度之前的NCRR和1986財政年度的NCNR基金。其中最主要的基金是

R01；有的RPGs稱為項目計劃基金(program project grants)， 旨在資助多學科交叉領域的研究， 由多個專家參與，各負責一個問題的研究。

研究中心基金

系通過研究中心進行資助，基金劃撥各研究所，資助多學科醫學研究和研究資源的開發， 旨在將基礎研究與應用研究相結合， 促進基礎研究成果在臨床的應用。包括研究項目基金以外的所有P系列基金(P09、P01、P42、各財政年度的NLM 及1986財政年度的NCNR基金除外)；全部的M系列基金；U40、U41、U42、U50、U54、R07及Gl 2基金。

小企業創新研究一小企業技術轉讓基金

包括R41、R42、R43、R44、U43、U44基金。

其他研究基金

研究項目基金和研究中心基金以外的，代碼為D 4 2、D 4 3、G、K、P、R、S、T、U 的其他基金。

有關基金的詳細情況

研修項目基金(fellowship programs)

F3 1： 少數民族及殘疾人博士前個人研修基金 Individual Predoctoral National Research Service Award(NRSA)Fellowships for Minority Students and Students with Disabilities。

F32：博士后個人研修基金 Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Awards(NRSA)。

F33：資深研究人員國家研修基金 NationalResearch Service Awards for Senior Fellows(NRSA)，

資助對象為有經驗的研究人員， 旨在促進其研究事業的發展，培養良好的學術背景和研究技能。

F35：NIH院內研究項目中的博士后個人基金 Intramural National Research Service Awards (NRSA)Individual Postdoctoral Program。

研究事業項目基金(research career programs)

K01：科學家研究與培訓發展基金—— Research Scientist Development Awards Research and Training， 旨在資助科學家的技能培訓和事業發展。

K02-獨立科學家基金 Independent Scientist Awards，資助剛開始獨立主持研究工作的科學家和臨床醫生，替代了原有的K02和K04基金。

K06：研究事業基金 ResearchCareerAwards。各研究所對優秀研究人員的研究事業進行的資助。

K08~臨床科學家發展基金 Mentored Clini．cal Scientist Development Awards，期限3～5年，替代了原有的K08、K11和K15基金。

K22：研究學者發展基金 Research ScholarDevelopment Award，資助學術研究機構博士后人員向助理教授發展的啟動基金。

K23： 臨床研究事業發展基金 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award，旨在資助從事臨床研究的青年科學家。

K24：中年資研究人員臨床研究基金 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient．Oriented Research，資助中等年資的科學家繼續從事臨床研究并指導青年醫生。

K25： 定量研究事業發展基金 MentoredQuantitative Research Career Development Award，資助生物醫學領域以外的、有良好學術背景和工程學背景的低年資研究人員，旨在促進交叉領域的研究。

K30：臨床研究路線基金— — Clinical Research Curriculum Award，資助目前尚未開展的新臨床研究項目或拓展現有的研究項目。

研究與發展合同(research and development related contracts)

NO1：研究與發展合同— — Research and Development Related Contracts，資助科學研究所需的新產品或技術的研發。

研究項目計劃和研究項目中心基金(research program projects and centers)

P0 1：研究項目計劃一一Research Program Projects，資助對象為首席科學家牽頭的跨學科、多領域長期研究項目。

P30：研究中心核心基金一一Center Core Grants，資助研究方向相同的跨學科研究團隊。

P50：特殊研究中心計劃一一Specialized Centers，資助對象為從基礎到臨床的各R&D合同項目。

研究項目基金(research projects)

R01：研究計劃基金一一Research Project Grants，資金下撥到美國國內外各研究機構， 資助科學家個人的研究項目，是NIH資助的主要方式。

R03：小額基金— — Small Grants，資助前期或短期研究項目。

R09：學術評審基金——Scientific Evaluation，作為申請書初評小組主席的活動經費。

R13：會議基金—— Conference Grants， 旨在資助與研究項目相關的會議交流。

R1 5：學術研究加強基金— — Academic Research Enhancement Awards，資助小規模創新性研究或研究技術的開發或對前期工作結果的進一步分析。

R1 8：研究成果驗證與推廣計劃—— Research Demonstration and Dissemination Projects，資助保健措施的研究開發、檢測和健康知識的推廣應用。

R21：探索，發展基金I—— Exploratory／Developmental Grants Phase I，有期限和水平要求， 旨在鼓勵對特定領域進行創新性研究，申請必須符合R21項目的RFAs和PAs要求。

R24：資源相關研究計劃—— Resource—Related Research Projects，資助對已有的研究資源在生物醫學領域進行開發利用。

R33：探索，發展基金II— — Exploratory，Developmental Grants phase II，屬II期資助基金，用于對原有的R2l項目進行更深入的創新性、探索性研究， 申請人必須是R21基金獲得者， 申請要符合R21項目的RFAs和PAs要求。

R34：臨床試驗計劃基金—— Clinical Trial Planning Grant，資助臨床試驗的初期工作， 如成立研究隊伍、研發數據處理工具、設計實驗流程等。

R37：研究拓展長期資助基金—— Method to Extend Research in Time(MERIT)Awards，對成就突出的科學家的長期資助，初期為5年，之后可繼

續資助3—5年。名額有限， 由NIH的顧問及管理人員選定被資助人。

R41和R42： 小企業技術轉讓基金— — Small Business Technology Transfer(STTR)Grants， 旨在資助小企業與研究機構之間的R&D合作計劃， 是

由國會直接制定的資助項目， 同SBIR。也分兩期進行資助，I期基金(R41)系可行性投資：II期基金(R42)系對產品的進一步開發。

R43和R44：小企業創新研究基金— — Small Business Innovation Research(SBIR)Grants， 旨在資助小企業與研究機構之間的R&D合作計劃，是

由國會直接制定的資助項目，分兩期進行資助，I期基金(R43)系實驗性投資，對研究項目是否可轉化為商業產品進行技術和可行性分析；II期基金(R44)系對項目的進一步開發。

培訓項目基金(training programs)

TU2：NIH院內研究機構國家研究輔助基金Institutional National Research Service Award With Involvement of NIH Intramural Faculty(0D)，針對T32項目，資助研究機構為人才短缺的特殊領域的大學生及博士后研究人員提供技術培訓。

T32-研究機構國家研究輔助基金—— Institutional National Research Service Awards(NRSA)，資助學術機構對博士前及博士后人員進行培訓。T35-NRSA短期研究個人培訓基金—— NRSAShort-Term Research Training Awards

合作協議(cooperative agreements)

U01：研究計劃合作協議— — Research Projects Cooperative Agreements，與基金相似，系NIH對基金獲得者的附加投資，從而NIH也成為研究計劃的參與者。

Ul9：研究項目合作協議— — Research Programs Cooperative Agreements，旨在資助目標相同的多個研究計劃進行跨學科、長期合作。

U24：資源相關性研究計劃合作協議— — Resource—Related Research Projects Cooperative Agreements，系對多方投資研究項目的附加資助，

旨在加強相關研究資源在生物醫學研究中的應用。

U43：SBIR合作協議I期— — Small Business Innovation Research(SBIR)Cooperative Agreements Phase I，系對小企業與研究機構間R&D合作計劃的附加資助。I期基金系實驗性投資， 對研究項目是否可轉化為商業產品進行技術和可行性分析。

U44：SBIR合作協議II期—— Small Business Innovation Research(SBIR)Cooperative Agreements Phase II，系對小企業與研究機構間R&D合作計劃的附加資助。II期基金系對項目的進一步開發。

U54：特殊研究中心合作協議—— Specialized Centers Cooperative Agreements，資助從基礎到臨床的跨學科生物醫學研究。

U56：探索基金合作協議— — Exploratory Grants Cooperative Agreements，用于對新項目或已有研究項目的深入研究或跨學科項目的可行性研究。

UC1：NIH挑戰基金及參與者項目基金II期 NIH Challenge Grants and Partnerships Program Phase II，Cooperative Agreements(NIAID)， 旨在資助NIH與國內外研究機構間的合作，加速生物醫學或生物技術領域R&D研究成果在傳染性疾病方面的應用。

內部代理協議(interagency intra agency agreements)

Y01：NIH代理間協議— — NIH Interagency Agreements，資助HHS以外的政府機構進行研究或特殊產品開發。

Y02：NIH代理內部協議—— NIH Intra—agency Agreements，資助NIH內部其他機構或HHS其他部門進行研究或產品開發。

NIH尚有S系列研究相關資助項目(research related programs)。

Grant

Research Grants

The following represent frequently used research grant programs. A comprehensive list of all activity codes is also available.

Important note: NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) may vary in the way they use activity codes; not all ICs accept applications for all types of grant programs or they apply specialized eligibility criteria. Look closely at funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) to determine which ICs participate and the specifics of eligibility.

R01	NIH Research Project Grant Program (R01)   Used to support a discrete, specified, circumscribed research project NIH's most commonly used grant program No specific dollar limit unless specified in FOA Advance permission required for $500K or more (direct costs) in any year Generally awarded for 3 -5 years All ICs utilize See parent FOA at http://grants.nih.gov//grants/guide/pa-files/PA-07-070.html
R03	NIH Small Grant Program (R03):   Provides limited funding for a short period of time to support a variety of types of projects, including: pilot or feasibility studies, collection of preliminary data, secondary analysis of existing data, small, self-contained research projects, development of new research technology, etc. Limited to two years of funding Direct costs generally up to $50,000 per year Not renewable Utilized by more than half of the NIH ICs See parent FOA at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-09-163.html
R13	NIH Support for Conferences and Scientific Meetings (R13 and U13)   Support for high quality conferences/scientific meetings that are relevant to NIH's scientific mission and to the public health Requires advance permission from the funding IC Foreign institutions are not eligible to apply Award amounts vary and limits are set by individual ICs Support for up to 5 years may be possible
R15	NIH Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA)   Support small research projects in the biomedical and behavioral sciences conducted by students and faculty in health professional schools and other academic components that have not been major recipients of NIH research grant funds Eligibility limited (see http://grants.nih.gov//grants/funding/area.htm) Direct cost limited to $150,000 over entire project period Project period limited to up to 3 years All NIH ICs utilize except FIC an NCMHD See parent FOA at http://grants.nih.gov//grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-042.html
R21	NIH Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Award (R21)   Encourages new, exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early stages of project development.  Sometimes used for pilot and feasibility studies. Limited to up to two years of funding Combined budget for direct costs for the two year project period usually may not exceed $275,000. No preliminary data is generally required Most ICs utilize See http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-09-164.html
R34	NIH Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34) Program   Designed to permit early peer review of the rationale for the proposed clinical trial and support development of essential elements of a clinical trial Usually project period of one year, sometimes up to 3 Usually, a budget of up to $100,000 direct costs, sometimes up to $450,000 Used only by select ICs; no parent FOA
R41/R42	Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)   Intended to stimulate scientific and technological innovation through cooperative research/research and development (R/R&D) carried out between small business concerns (SBCs) and research institutions (RIs) Fosters technology transfer between SBCs and RIs Assists the small business and research communities in commercializing innovative technologies Three-phase structure: I - Feasibility study to establish scientific/technical merit of the proposed R/R&D efforts (generally, 1 year; $100,000) II - Full R/R&D efforts initiated in Phase I (generally 2 years; $750,000) III- Commercialization stage (cannot use STTR funds) Eligibility limited to U.S. small business concerns Project Director/Principal investigator (PD/PI) may be employed with the SBC or the participating non-profit research institution as long as he/she has a formal appointment with or commitment to the applicant SBC. Multiple PD/PIs allowed All ICs utilize except FIC See Parent FOA at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-08-051.html
R43/R44	Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)   Intended to stimulate technological innovation in the private sector by supporting research or research and development (R/R&D) for for-profit institutions for ideas that have potential for commercialization Assists the small business research community in commercializing innovative technologies Three-phase structure: I - Feasibility study to establish scientific/technical merit of the proposed R/R&D efforts (generally, 1 year; $100,000) II - Full research or R&D efforts initiated in Phase I (generally 2 years; $750,000) III- Commercialization stage (cannot use SBIR funds) Eligibility limited to U.S. small business concerns The primary employment of the Project Director/Principal investigator (PD/PI) must be with the small business concern. Multiple PD/PIs allowed. All ICs utilize except FIC See Parent FOA at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-08-050.html
R56	NIH High Priority, Short-Term Project Award (R56)   Will fund, for one or two years, high-priority new or competing renewal R01 applications with priority scores or percentiles that fall just outside the funding limits of participating NIH Institutes and Centers (IC). Investigators may not apply for R56 grants.
U01	Research Project Cooperative Agreement   Supports discrete, specified, circumscribed projects to be performed by investigator(s) in an area representing their specific interests and competencies Used when substantial programmatic involvement is anticipated between the awarding Institute and Center One of many types of cooperative agreements No specific dollar limit unless specified in FOA
K99/R00	NIH Pathway to Independence (PI) Award (K99/R00) Also see, New Investigators Program web page Provides up to five years of support consisting of two phases I - will provide 1-2 years of mentored support for highly promising, postdoctoral research scientists II - up to 3 years of independent support contingent on securing an independent research position  Award recipients will be expected to compete successfully for independent R01 support from the NIH during the career transition award period Eligible Principal Investigators include outstanding postdoctoral candidates who have terminal clinical or research doctorates who have no more than 5 years of postdoctoral research training Foreign institutions are not eligible to apply PI does not have to be a U.S. citizen

Program Project/Center Grants (P series)

The following represents the most frequently used programs.  A comprehensive list of all activity codes is also available. Program project/center grants are large, multi-project efforts that generally include a diverse array of research activities.  NIH Institutes and Centers issue funding opportunity announcements to indicate their interest in funding this type of program.
Centers (ICs) may vary in the way they use activity codes. Look closely at funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) to determine which ICs participate and the specifics of eligibility.

P01	Research Program Project Grant   Support for integrated, multi-project research projects involving a number of independent investigators who share knowledge and common resources Each project contributes or is directly related to the common theme of the total research effort, thus forming a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal Specific dollar limit unless specified in FOA
P20	Exploratory Grants   Often used to support planning activities associated with large multi-project program project grants
P30	Center Core Grants   To support shared resources and facilities for categorical research by a number of investigators from different disciplines who provide a multidisciplinary approach to a joint research effort or from the same discipline who focus on a common research problem.  The core grant is integrated with the center's component projects or program projects, though funded independently from them.
P50	Specialized Center   To support any part of the full range of research and development from very basic to clinical May involve ancillary supportive activities such as protracted patient care necessary to the primary research or R&D effort. The spectrum of activities comprises a multidisciplinary attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. Receive continuous attention from staff funding IC.  Centers may serve as regional or national resources for special research purposes.

Resource Grants

The following represent some of the more frequently used types of grant programs that provide research-related support or access to resources. This list is by no means exhaustive.  A comprehensive list of all activity codes is also available.

Important note: NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) may vary in the way they use activity codes; not all ICs accept applications for all types of grant programs or they apply specialized eligibility criteria. Look closely at funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) to determine which ICs participate and the specifics of eligibility.

R24	Resource-Related Research Projects   Used in a wide variety of ways to provide resources for problems where multiple expertise is needed to focus on a single complex problem in biomedical research or to enhance research infrastructure
R25	Education Projects   Used in a wide variety of ways to promote an appreciation for and interest in biomedical research, provide additional training in specific areas, and/or to develop ways to disseminate scientific discovery into public health and community applications

Trans-NIH Programs

NIH supports a variety of broad-reaching programs that are trans-NIH in nature. 

BECON	NIH Bioengineering Consortium (BECON)
BISTI	Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative (BISTI)
Blueprint	NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research
Diversity Supplements	Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research
GWAS	Genome-Wide Association Studies
PECASE	Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) Program with listing of NIH Recipients since 1996.  NIH nominates investigator for this award.
Roadmap	NIH Roadmap Initiatives:   DP1: NIH Director's Pioneer Award   DP2: NIH Director's New Innovator Program   See Roadmap page for more

Inactive Programs (Archive)

The following grant programs are inactive and are shown for informational and historical purposes.

S07	Human Subjects Research Enhancement Awards (HSREA)
Ethical Issues in Human Studies	Research on Ethical Issues in Human Studies
R29	First Independent Research and Transition (FIRST)

我知道為什麼我喜歡聽電音了

因為我小時候玩的電動玩具背景音樂都是電音！
這也解釋了為什麼我喜歡流暢曲風 強節拍的快樂旋律

其實不用選的決定

HIV research 我來了~

我真的非常寂寞

內心是空的
方向也不確定

越來越覺得自己做對了

看到罐量這樣 絕望的感覺
在比對過去跟現在的自己
還有我之前作的功課
我越來越覺得 有做對的感覺